ABSTRACT
Background: For the management of connective tissue disorders (CTDs), antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is essential, both from diagnostic and prognostic points of view. Usually, patterns obtained by ANA-IIF testing correlates to specific autoantibodies as obtained from the test for ENA (by LIA/ELISA, etc.). But to apply these data from western studies, we may need validation in the local population like our subjects in sub-Himalayan (Garhwal region) area where CTDs are common. Also, suppose ANA-IFA pattern's correlation is reliably known in our population, it can minimize the cost of managing CTDs by limiting ENA testing, which is 10 times costlier than ANA-IIF. Hence, this study was undertaken to know the specific autoantibody targets (ENA by LIA) against ANA-IIF patterns in our local population. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional work, serum samples of CTDs were tested for ANA by IIF (Euroimmune AG) and ENA by LIA (Euroline ANA-3G) continuously for 36 months. The manufacturer's kit insert was followed, and results were analyzed applying appropriate statistical methods. Results: Major ANA-IIF patterns were found to be associated with specific autoantibodies, for example, Nuclear homogenous with dsDNA, nucleosomes, histones; speckled pattern with nRNP/Sm, Sm, SSA/Ro-52, SSB; nucleolar pattern with Scl-70, Pm-Scl 100 and centromere pattern with CENP-B. Anticytoplasmic (ACA) are found to be linked with some ANA negative (by IIF) samples, emphasizing the need for careful observation for ACA especially where ANA is not found. Conclusions: In most subjects, specific ENA targets correlated well with ANA-IIF patterns, implying effective cost minimization in CTD management. Similar future prospective studies (with clinical data) can provide a database and reference for our population.
ABSTRACT
The discovery of Penicillin in 1926 was followed by discovery and use of several groups of antimicrobials, which gave a major boost to modern medicine by significantly decreasing mortality and morbidity. Thus, antimicrobials were regarded as a major breakthrough as they not only cured infectious diseases but also played a key role in success of advanced medical practices viz organ transplant, immunosuppressive therapy, cancer chemotherapy, complicated surgeries specially in contaminated areas, implants etc. However these ‘miracle drugs’ are slowly losing their efficacy due to emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). [1-3]
ABSTRACT
The present studies enumerated 68 species of family- Oscillatoriaceae isolated from freshwater of different sites of Goalpara district, Assam. From the total number of species eleven numbers of genera like Katagnymene 1.47%, Porphyrosiphon 1.47%, Polychlamydum 1.47%, Symploca 1.47%, Microcoleus 1.47%, Hydrocoleum 1.47%, Spirulina 8.82%, Phormidium 17.64%, Lyngbya 19.12% and Oscillatoria 45.58%. These strains were cultured using Algal Broth Culture & Chu-10 media for isolation. Present investigation has been made for identification and taxonomic account.
ABSTRACT
The physico-chemical characteristics of paper mill industry effluent were measured and some were found to be above the permissible limits prescribed by Indian irrigation water standard. A study was conducted in pots to investigate the effects of different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 100%) of paper mill effluent on growth and production of rice, mustard and pea for three years. The study reveals that the paper mill effluent has deleterious effect on the growth of crop at higher concentrations. However, at lower concentration (viz. 10 to 40% in rice, 10 to 50% in mustard and 10 to 60% in pea) of effluent, beneficial impact on general welfare of the crops was noticed. Growth and development was increased with increasing the concentration of the effluent up to 30% in rice, 40% in mustard and 50% in pea. Investigation showed that the growth and production of rice, mustard and pea was found maximum at a concentration of 30, 40 and 50% effluent respectively.